Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology

Risk Factors and Management Strategies for Dry Eye Syndrome: A Comparative Study

2024-07-30T03:48:50+00:00

Introduction: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with DES and compare the effectiveness of various management strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at an ophthalmic consultant clinic from March 2023 to October 2023. One hundred patients diagnosed with DES were enrolled. Demographic data, including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), were collected. Ophthalmological examinations, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometry, fundus examination, tear break-up time (TBUT) measurement, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire assessment, were performed. The management strategies employed were categorized as medical, surgical, or a combination of both.

Results: The study population predominantly consisted of females (70%) with a mean age of 49.65 years. The majority of patients (57%) fell within the overweight BMI category (25-29 kg/m²). TBUT values of 7 seconds and 8 seconds were most prevalent (35% and 37%, respectively), and the majority of patients (65%) reported an OSDI score of 2. Notably, two-thirds of patients received medical treatment, one-third underwent a combination of medical and surgical treatment, and a small proportion (5%) underwent surgery alone.

Conclusion: Female gender, increased BMI, and older age were identified as significant risk factors for DES. Patients with DES symptoms exhibited shorter TBUT values and higher OSDI scores, indicating tear film instability and increased disease severity. Medical treatment was the most common management strategy, followed by a combination of medical and surgical interventions. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment plans for effective DES management.

Computer Vision Syndrome in High School Students: The Role of Gadget Use Intensity

2024-08-29T05:42:09+00:00

Introduction: The ubiquity of digital devices in the lives of high school students has raised concerns about the potential impact on their visual health. Computer vision syndrome (CVS), a constellation of eye and vision-related problems, has been linked to prolonged digital screen use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gadget use intensity and the prevalence and severity of CVS in high school students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of high school students. Data on gadget use intensity (hours per day) and CVS symptoms were collected through validated questionnaires. The Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS) was used to assess the severity of CVS. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the association between gadget use intensity and CVS prevalence and severity.

Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between gadget use intensity and the prevalence and severity of CVS in high school students. Students who reported higher levels of gadget use were more likely to experience CVS symptoms and exhibit greater symptom severity.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy gadget use habits among high school students. Interventions aimed at reducing screen time and encouraging regular breaks may be crucial in mitigating the risk of CVS and its associated visual discomfort.

Refractive Error Correction in Bali, Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study of ReLEx SMILE and Femto-LASIK Outcomes

2024-10-11T06:30:41+00:00

Introduction: Technological advances have driven progress in surgical techniques for refractive problems, including the use of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) through the ReLEx SMILE and Femto-LASIK methods. While Bali Mandara Eye Hospital pioneered LASIK procedures in Bali Province, there has been no research to date evaluating the outcomes of these procedures.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical record data from patients with refractive disorders who underwent LASIK surgery at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital between January and December 2023. The data collected included patient demographics, pre-and post-operative visual acuity, and the type of LASIK surgery performed.

Results: The study included 151 eyes. The majority of patients were male (52.3%), aged 17-29 years, had a college education (60.3%), worked in the private sector (38%), resided in Bali (86%), and underwent the ReLEx SMILE procedure (60.3%). Both Femto-LASIK and ReLEx SMILE procedures yielded excellent visual outcomes and were considered safe. Post-operative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved to the level of pre-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in 137 eyes (90.73%).

Conclusion: The ReLEx SMILE and Femto-LASIK methods are both safe and effective procedures for correcting refractive errors, particularly mild myopia. There was no significant difference in visual outcomes between the two methods.

Shifting Patterns of Ocular Emergencies: A Comparative Study in Basrah, Iraq

2024-11-29T01:40:22+00:00

Introduction: Ocular emergencies present a significant public health concern, potentially leading to vision loss if not addressed promptly. Understanding the dynamics of these emergencies is essential for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation. This study aimed to analyze the trends and characteristics of ocular emergencies in Basrah, Iraq, and compare them with historical data.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Al-Sayab Teaching Hospital in Basrah, involving 250 patients presenting to the ophthalmology emergency department between January 1^st, 2023, and December 31^st, 2023. Data regarding demographics, presentation time, causes of emergencies, and visual acuity were analyzed.

Results: The leading causes of ocular emergencies were inflammatory diseases (32%), trauma (28%), and foreign bodies (33.2%). A significant proportion of patients (20%) presented with severe visual impairment (less than 20/200). Most emergencies occurred in males (72.4%), primarily in the 20-40 year age group.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of inflammatory diseases and trauma among ocular emergencies in Basrah. Public health interventions should focus on preventing ocular trauma and improving access to eye care services. Continuous monitoring of these patterns is crucial for effective public health planning.

Predicting Glaucoma Progression with Artificial Intelligence: A Meta-Analysis of Machine Learning Models

2024-12-09T05:41:30+00:00

Introduction: Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, requires early detection and prediction of progression to preserve vision. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising tools for analyzing complex ophthalmic data and identifying high-risk individuals. This meta-analysis evaluates the performance of machine learning (ML) models in predicting glaucoma progression.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2024 that investigated the use of ML models to predict glaucoma progression. Studies reporting performance metrics like sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and accuracy were included.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1,250 participants. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ML models for predicting glaucoma progression were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78-0.84) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), respectively. The pooled AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90), indicating excellent discriminatory ability.

Conclusion: ML models hold significant potential for predicting glaucoma progression with high accuracy. Further research with larger, more diverse datasets is needed to validate these findings and develop clinically applicable tools.